CERTAIN CONDITIONS MAKES THE WUDU FALSE: 

i. The Discharges: 

(a) Common between man and women:

1. Urine (and semen).

2. Stool.

3. Farting. 

(b) In women only:

4. Menstruation.

5. Irregular bleeding.

6. Post-natal bleeding.

 ii. The Mental Disability Factors: 

7. Sound sleep (in which one cannot hear anything).

8. Drunkenness (from alcohol or drugs, etc.).

9. Unconsciousness.

 10. Insanity. 

WHEN DOES THE WUDU COMES WAJIB? 

 

1. For obligatory prayers, e.g., the five daily prayers. 

Wudu is not wajib for sunnat (recommended) prayers; but as the prayers whether obligatory or recommended are invalid without wudu, so we have to pray the sunnat prayers also with wudu. In other words, if you do not do wudu for the sunnat prayer you will not have sinned-al­though your prayer will be incorrect. Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (a.s.) said, "There can be no prayer except with ritual ablution (i. e. wudu)."  

Salatu 'l-mayyit (the ritual prayer said for the dead person before the burial) is an exception to this rule; this obligatory prayer can be performed even if one is in a state of ritual impurity. 

2. For the wajib circumambulation (tawaf) of the Ka`bah in hajj. 'Ali bin Ja`far asked his father (the sixth Imam) about a person who was doing the tawaf and then remembered that he had not done wudu. Imam Ja'far as-Sadiq (a.s.) said, "He should stop the tawaf and not count (whatever he had done as valid).

3. For touching the writings of the Qur' an. The Qur'an is not just a book, it is the revelation of God, it is the word of God, and therefore it is sacred. Its sacredness demands that before you touch the writing of the Qur'an, you must ritually purify yourself. Allah says, "None shall touch it except the purified ones." (56:79) On basis of the extrinsic meaning of this verse and the ahadith, the muj­tahids have reached the opinion that it is forbidden to  touch the writings of the Qur' an without being in the state of wudu

However, this law of the shari`ah should not become an excuse for not reading the Qur'an. There is no harm in reading the Qur'an without doing wudu provided one does not touch the writing of the holy book, i.e., just hold the cover or the border of the page. Once Imam Ja'far as-Sadiq (a.s.) told his son Isma'il to read the Qur'an . Isma'il said, "I am not in the state of wudu." The Imam said, "Do not touch the writing, just hold the paper and then read the book."

Likewise, there is no harm in touching the translations of the Qur'an, because the translations do not qualify as the word of God. Neither is it wajib to prevent the children from touching the writings of the Qur'an unless such an act is considered a disrespect to the Sacred Book-and this differs according to the culture and the society' in which the Muslims live. 

4. For touching the names and the attributes of Allah.

It is forbidden to touch the names and the attributes of Allah, in any script, without being in the state of ritual purity (wudu). 

By looking at the sacredness which the Prophets, the Imams of the Ahlu 'l-bayt  and also Fatimah (the daughter of the Prophet) have acquired due to their being chosen by Allah, our mujtahids have recommended that the names of these holy persons also should not be touched without wudu 

5. For making promise, oath and vow to stay in the state of ritual purity (i.e., in wudu) for a certain period of time. If a person makes such a promise or vow, then he must fulfill it when his conditions have materialized. For example, someone says, "If I pass my exams, I will stay with wudu for a whole day." So if this person passes his exams, then he must stay with wudu for one

THE RECOMMENDABLE ACTS  OF AL WUDUA: 

1. Making the intention (niyyat) in one's mind. 

2. Washing the hands two times 

3. Gargling three times 

4. Rinsing the nose three times. 

5. Washing the face first time and then the second time. 

6. Washing the right fore-arm the first time and then the second time. 

7. Washing the left fore-arm the first time and then the second time. 

8. Wiping the head with one finger or with three fingers together. 

9. Wiping the right foot with the right hand. 

10. Wiping the left foot with the left hand. 

THE CONDITIONS FOR THE VALIDITY OF WUDU: 

The performance of wudu depends on certain condi­tions which are known in Islamic laws as "the conditions for the validity of wudu". These conditions are ten in number: three are related to the water, three to the person; and four to the act of wudu itself. 

i. The Water: 

1. The water must be mutlaq. "Mutlaq" means pure or unmixed; in the present context, it refers to the liquid which is normally considered by people as water. (It does not have to be pure chemically.) The opposite of mutlaq is "muzaf' which refers to the water which is not con­sidered pure by the people, e. g., orange juice. 

2. The water must be tahir (ritually clean, not najis). 

3. The water must be mubah (lawful), that is, you must be its owner or you must have the permission to use it 

The wudu performed with mixed, najis or non-mubah water is invalid even if it was done unknowingly. Likewise it is difficult to approve the validity of the wudu performed with the water which was in an utensil made of gold or silver 

ii. The Person: 

4. Niyyat : Niyyat means intention As wudu is an act of ritual worship (`ibadat), it is necessary to perform it with niyyat. Niyyat, in this context, means that one must have the intention to do the wudu in obedience to the command of Allah. Sincerity is an essential condition for niyyat; one should do wudu only for seeking the pleasure of Allah and in obedience to His command. If someone performs wudu for any other purpose, e.g., making him­self cool in summer, then his wudu is invalid. 

In niyyat, it is not necessary to utter the words; the mere intention of doing the wudu in obedience to the command of Allah is enough; nor is it necessary to mention that the wudu is wajib or mustahab. 

5. The organs of wudu must be ritually clean (tahir) before washing or wiping them. 

Besides the ritual cleanliness (raharat) of the organs of wudu, they must also be exposed. In other words, there should be nothing on them which might prevent the water from reaching the skin. Special care should be taken by women in case the lipstick, nail-polish, kohl, and eye shadow are such that the water does not reach the skin. If the dirt under the long nails is not more than normal, then it will not harm the wudu. 

6. Use of the water should not be harmful to the person who wants to do wudu. If the person fears that he will become ill or his illness will be prolonged by the use of cold water or warm water in wudu, then he should do tayammum. 

iii. The Acts of Wudu: 

7. The place where wudu is being performed must be mubdh (lawful). 

8. In normal situation, it is wajib for one to perform wudu by himself, without the help of others. However, help in the preliminaries such as fetching the water, pouring out the water, is allowed 

In case of disability because of illness, etc., someone else may help; but in such a case, it is necessary for both, the helper and the helped, to do the niyyat 

9. Correct Order (tartib): Every act in performing the wudu must be done in the prescribed order: first the washing of the face, then of the right fore-arm, and then of the left fore-arm, followed by the wiping of the head, then of the right foot, and lastly of the left foot. 

10. Continuity (muwalat): The acts of wudu must follow each other so that, in normal weather, when each part is commenced the previous parts are still wet.

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